A pyrogen is a fever producing substance. Endotoxins are pyrogens, although producing a fever is only one of the physiological consequences of endotoxin. Pyrogenicity, like the other consequences of endotoxin depends on the level and rate of introduction. Very low levels will not cause a fever. Higher levels increase the number and severity of potential …
No. The ethylene oxide, steam and radiation sterilisation processes used for gloves do not destroy endotoxins. These forms of sterilisation destroy microorganisms. Upon destruction, endotoxins, the pyrogenic lipopolysaccharides from the cell walls of dead gram negative bacteria, are released from the cell wall and remain capable of causing multiple local and systemic pathological conditions. It …
Whether or not surgical gloves possess significant levels of endotoxin depends on the manufacture practices of each lot or batch. Some gloves have enough endotoxin for one pair to elicit a fever and initiate endotoxin related complications noted previously. Others have undetectable levels. Endotoxin activity is rate and dose related; the level is significant. Because …
Yes. Endotoxins are inflammatory agents produced by the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria. This type of bacteria readily grows in warm, moist or wet environments where basic nutrients are supplied such as in raw latex, stagnant leach tanks, untreated water and liquid powder mixtures (known as powder slurries). If bacterial growth is not controlled, the …
Are endotoxins a concern in glove manufacturing? Read More »
No. Endotoxin may be present on medical equipment, infusion dialysis equipment, disinfection liquids, air cooler systems, water supplies, air filters, sterilised re-usable devices and generally in the hospital environment. Implants, medical devices utilised for invasive medical procedures and other medical instruments may be contaminated when in contact with sterile or clean medical fields contaminated with …
Chlorination is used for several reasons: Chlorination is a manufacturing step used to decrease the sticky or tacky feel of gloves. By reducing surface drag and creating a slippery surface, the need for powder is eliminated. Chlorination helps break down natural rubber latex proteins on or near the glove surface. Subsequent removal through multiple wash …
Why do some manufacturers use chlorine on their gloves? Read More »
Chlorination reduces tackiness by oxidation and additional cross-linking of unbound or partially bound molecules on the glove surface. It involves multiple steps, each of which must be constantly monitored and carefully controlled. Under-chlorinated gloves are tacky and difficult to don; over-chlorinated gloves rapidly degrade becoming brittle and darkly coloured.
Poor chlorination practices can result in gloves that are weak, tear easily, have pinholes, are discoloured and can become brittle or gummy. Therefore, it is essential that all steps in the chlorination process be carefully regulated. Improper storage conditions can shorten the shelf life of chlorinated and non-chlorinated gloves.
Chlorination can potentially affect the shelf life of gloves. Poorly chlorinated gloves rapidly degrade. Discoloration, cracking, tearing and enhanced heat and light sensitivity may occur, thereby shortening the shelf life and reducing barrier effectiveness. Storage conditions including, but not limited to, temperature, humidity, sunlight and/or fluorescent light exposure may affect chlorinated gloves.
Generally, glove powder may cause the following issues: Powder is an irritant that can dry hands and macerate the skin. Powder interferes with optimal wound healing and reduces resilience and strength of repaired tissue. Powder increases and prolongs inflammation by several mechanisms. Powder increases the risk of infection. Powder can irritate the respiratory mucosa and …
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